ABSTRACT
Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of internet gaming disorder (IGD) and associated risk factors in a sample of secondary and postsecondary students from a public federal institution of higher education (Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia) in Southern Brazil. Methods: The study included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-BR), the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN), and the Game Addiction Scale (GAS). Finally, IGD was measured with the Brazilian version of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form (IGDS9-SF), which has been psychometrically validated in this population. Results: Overall, 38.2% (n=212) of the sample exhibited IGD symptoms, with 18.2% (n=101) being classed as at-risk gamers. Regression analysis found IGD to be associated with male gender, severe depressive symptoms, poor sleep quality, increased time spent gaming, and total free time spent gaming (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of IGD in this sample was relatively high, and associated risk factors found were similar to those previously reported in the literature. Further studies investigating the epidemiology of IGD in Brazilian samples are warranted to better understand treatment needs and inform preventive measures in this population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology , Video Games/adverse effects , Internet , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Behavior, Addictive/psychologyABSTRACT
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a influencia do aleitamento materno na capacidade intelectual de crianças pertencentes a uma coorte de um país em desenvolvimento, controlando para os principais fatores de confusão. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte prospectiva com todos os recém-nascidos nos hospitais de uma cidade de porte médio e acompanhou-se uma amostra aleatória destes aos 30, 90 e 180 dias de vida e aos 8 anos. No acompanhamento foram avaliados diversos aspectos da amamentação e, aos 8 anos, foi realizada avaliação da capacidade intelectual geral aplicando-se o Teste de Raven. As análises estatísticas utilizaram Teste T, ANOVA e regressão linear e logística, considerando como associações estatisticamente significativas aquelas cujo valor de p foi inferior a 0,05. Resultados: Aos 8 anos 560 crianças participaram da avaliação com o Teste de Raven. A média da pontuação das crianças no teste foi de 22,56 pontos com desvio padrão de 5,93. A diferença de médias entre os grupos em aleitamento materno ou não, aos seis meses, foi de 1,33 (p = 0,008). Permaneceram associadas ao desfecho, após regressão linear e logística, a cor materna e da criança, classe socioeconômica, escolaridade e tabagismo maternos e o aleitamento materno aos 6 meses de idade (p = 0,007). Conclusões: As crianças que mamaram por seis meses ou mais tiveram melhor desempenho na avaliação intelectual geral, mesmo após ajuste para os principais fatores de confundimento.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the influence of breastfeeding on the intellectual capacity of children from a cohort in a developing country, with a control for the main confounding factors. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed including all infants born in the hospitals of a medium-size city, and a random sample of these newborns was monito-red at 30, 90, and 180 days of life, and at age 8 years. Several aspects of breastfeeding were assessed inthe follow-up and, at 8 years, general intellectual capacity was assessed through the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices test. The statistical analyses used Student's t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression and logistics, considering p-values less than 0.05 as statistically significant associations. Results: At age 8 years, 560 children were assessed with Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices test. The average score was 22.56 points, with a standard deviation of 5.93. The difference inthe averages foundbetweenthe breastfed and non-breastfed groups at six months of age was 1.33 (p = 0.008). Mother's and child's skin color, social and economic class, maternal education and smoking, and breastfeeding at six months of age (p = 0.007) were still associated with the outcome. Conclusions: Children that were breastfed for six months or more had better performance in the general intellectual assessment, even after adjusting for the main confounding factors.